Solar Chat

System Components

Photovoltaic module. The “photovoltaic effect” is a physical process through which the photovoltaic cell converts sunlight into electricity. Sunlight is composed of photons. These photons contain certain amounts of energy depending on its wavelength. When photons hit the solar cell and absorbed by it, generate electricity. This happens because the photon energy is transferred to the atom’s electron solar cell (semiconductor material). With this amount of energy now the electron solar cell can be released from its normal position and creates a hole, some of the freed electrons can cross the potential barrier, being driven out of the semiconductor through an external circuit, then there is an electrical current.

Photovoltaic cells can be made with different materials and technologies. Some of these technologies, used in most commercial modules include monocrystalline silicon cells, polycrystalline and amorphous. Using this technology, each cell produces a DC voltage of about 0.5 volts and a current intensity of 1 to 8 A, it requires a significant amount of cells to produce a measurable voltage and power. The photovoltaic cells are interconnected in series in groups ranging from 36 to 72 cells that produce open circuit voltage approximately 20 to 40 volts this set of cells form a photovoltaic module.

The photovoltaic modules are a set of interconnected photovoltaic cells in series with the following physical characteristics:

Are encapsulated with silicone or other special organic materials that give a high transmission of radiation, are hydrophobic materials, to breathe into the cell and water do not condense.

Protection for the back of Tedlar or some similar material.

A tempered glass cover.

An anodized aluminum frame that holds the module as a whole.

The set of two or more modules called photovoltaic array (array in English) or photovoltaic panels. The photovoltaic modules that comprise an arrangement can be connected together in series, parallel or mixed, to obtain the voltage and amperage required by the system.

Batteries. The battery bank of a solar lighting system is responsible for providing electricity during the hours of night operation that has the light. An important aspect to be determined for either battery bank is the same size, ie the amount of energy it can store, the more energy is required to store, the larger will be the bank of batteries, less energy to store the smaller the size of the bank. A more powerful bulb illuminate a larger area or provide us with higher levels of enlightenment, but in turn, will consume more energy, resulting in increased battery bank size, as well as the installed power PV panel. The batteries are sensitive to operating temperature as this directly affects the electrochemical reactions that occur within them. When the batteries are subjected to ambient temperatures above electrochemical reactions are accelerated and shelf life is reduced, however, when the battery is subjected to low temperatures prolongs life, but runs the risk of freezing due to the variation of the concentration of acid that has a battery charge status of the same, the higher the discharge, reduced concentration and increased risk of freezing. The ability of a bacteria is typically specified in ampere-hour with a reference time such as twenty hours a battery example, suppose the following data 200 Amp hour and a reference to 20 hours (200Ah @ 20hrs). This means that a fully charged battery delivers 10 amps for 20 hours. These data are provided by the manufacturer.

Tempo driver. The solar lights require a tempo controller which controls the state of charging and discharging of the batteries and the lamp on and off as scheduled. The main functions of a tempo driver are:

• Prevents overcharging of batteries by the solar panel

• Prevents excessive discharging of the battery and bulb, remove the focus on low battery voltage.

• Maintains the battery at its maximum load state.

• Controls the operation time of the solar light.

Serves as point of interconnection between the solar panel, battery bank and solar light

It uses the voltage of the battery itself to regulate its state of charge and disconnect the electrical charge if the battery voltage down to a certain level, this type of system uses photovoltaic panel as a photo cell and turn on the lamp at dusk, incorporate a timer or electronic timing which is scheduled operating hours of the fixture.

Hardware. Metal parts are used to join and support system components with the metal post are elements manufactured according to the luminaire installed.

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Sharp stepped up on the energy front
Many companies rely on higher yield by cells which have the contacts on the back. Applied Materials expects of monocrystalline cells with rear contacts advantages in production and a reduction of errors in the encapsulation. Centrotherm Photovoltaics also showed on the Spanish fair solutions for back-contact cells. On industry standard production equipment were according to the company average efficiency of 19.1 percent and reached peak values of 19.2 percent. Schott Solar and Solland Solar had announced to the EU PVSEC cooperation in the field of back contact solar cells and modules.

Bosch Solar Energy is in increasing the energy yield of improved cell, module and mounting concepts. A module of 60 monocrystalline cells with a capacity of more than 250 watts and a module efficiency of 15.5 percent was seen. An improved interconnection between the solar cells reduces the optical and electrical losses. A further performance improvement is obtained by the use of a long-lasting anti-reflective coating on the cover slip, said the producer. Moreover, with Bosch to see a slide system that uses clips instead of rails. The photovoltaic modules are inserted into the guide rails and fixed. This is to reduce the installation time to 15 seconds per module.

Mainzer Solar savings bond worth not really
Dresdner Sulfurcell Solar Technology has introduced a prototype of its new product with an efficiency of 10.7 percent, 86.8 watt peak power to 1.25 times 0.65 meter modules. Sulfurcell relies on a new compilation of the semiconductor layer: The company produces the first thin-film modules based on CIGSe semiconductors.

Photovoltaic manufacturers are working on cost reduction
CIGSe stands for copper, indium, gallium and selenium. New is the use of selenium instead of sulfur. 2011, the company is a part of its production on CIGSe. 2015 module efficiencies are realistic of over 14 percent, the company said in Valencia.

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08/05/2010 + + From the practical experience – developed design software for photovoltaic systems to the interpretation of solar modules and String planning.

The My Solar GmbH presents a new and easy to use planning software specifically for photovoltaic solar systems planner, which is divided into two main components. The first module solar modules can be designed for a pre-defined or open-roof, the second component includes the design and desired interconnection of the strings. The software has been out of practice and on behalf of My Solar GmbH developed by Eberhard hero who has specialized in the programming of photovoltaic application.

“My solar design is a photovoltaic-planning software, the system designer the allocation and distribution of solar modules to facilitate on a roof or an area, taking account of possible incidents or forbidden areas. With relatively simple means may, after entering the roof of basic data (roof size, inclination, orientation, etc.) and various Modulverlege Modulartvarianten be played through in order to determine the optimum of occupancy for the customer.

It is also possible to set the interconnection of strings, and these color-coded and graphically. The results can then be printed with all relevant data, or stored in PDF format and passed to document the plant to the customer. In addition, the results are an important support for solar installers and contractors, as these receive a Modulverlege and string for the construction management plan be provided.

My solar systems planning is an easily acquired and inexpensive tool, particularly the work of field and internal sales staff significantly quicker and easier. Best suited for investment planners, field staff and clients. The advantages of the software are modular in structure and in the clear design. The software does not require much training of the system administrator.

Features:

* Planning and arrangement of solar panels on edge / transverse
* Shadows account
* Insert disruptive
* Choose a free or roof
* Adjustable Elevation
* Entering your own solar panels and inverters
* Strings representing visually
* Strings are highlighted
* Assign the string inverters
* Modulverlegeplan Stringverschaltungsplan and print

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If the EU wants to maintain European leadership in photovoltaics, EPIA urges the European Commission and Member States to implement urgently the implementation of the plan for the initiative of the European Solar Industry by introducing effective financial mechanisms, as well as increase significant public budgets for R & D. While the SET Plan is being discussed for more than three years, other governments in Asia and the United States continued its public support for R & D for their industries, which directly translates into more manufacturing costs low.

However, the R & D is not the only ingredient, increased production capacity is as important as R & D in order to achieve economies of scale and therefore public support (in the form of tariffs) is still needed to able to assume a stable growth market.

“R & D is not sufficient by itself and has no impact on competitiveness if not accompanied by an increase in volumes and market development. The 40% decline in prices that occurred last year and 50% of the last two years confirms that political support is still needed to achieve the economies of scale through increased production, “said Virgilio Navarro, Vice President EPIA and CEO of ATERSA.

The above measures should be accompanied by improved access to market regulation, strengthening the distribution network and an increase in transmission capacity.

EPIA and the European Photovoltaic Technology Platform congratulated the European Commission and Member States for the efforts undertaken to strengthen and coordinate all efforts at European level in the R & D, and encourages them to keep all existing support for market growth to enable photovoltaics to be competitive in the short term.

With over 200 active members representing the entire value chain, the Association of the European Photovoltaic Industry Association (EPIA) is the largest industry association in the world dedicated to the market of solar photovoltaic electricity.

EPIA’s mission is to provide valuable and distinctive services, under the tight control of a single voice: the voice of the photovoltaic industry. The association aims to promote photovoltaics at the national, European and international, as well as assist its members in developing their businesses, both in the European Union and other foreign markets.

Photovoltaic Technology Platform is an initiative to mobilize all the actors sharing a long-term European vision for PV. The Platform is an independent and objective aimed to be the point of reference for the recognition of government representatives and policy makers. Platform’s mission is to develop a strategy and plan for education, research and technological development, innovation and market development of solar photovoltaics.

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The European Photovoltaic Industry will invest around 740 million euros in R & D in order to achieve the competitiveness of all its segments.

The initiative of the European Solar Industry (SEII, its acronym in English) to be filed Thursday in Madrid at the European Conference on the SET Plan will contribute to reach 12% of the supply solar photovoltaic electricity demand by 2020 .

The Association of European Photovoltaic Industry Association (EPIA), the industry association world’s largest photovoltaic, together with the European Photovoltaic Technology Platform, presented at the SET Plan Conference held on 3 and 4 June in Madrid under the under the Spanish Presidency of the EU, the initiative of the Solar Photovoltaic Industry.

The Implementation Plan 2010-2012 announced that during the next three years will be required to invest 1.2 billion euros in R & D to optimize production aimed at reducing costs and improving the interface between the grid and photovoltaic systems.

These are the first steps designed to achieve in this decade, competition in the selling prices of electricity for residential and commercial sectors and in areas with high irradiation and even competitive with conventional fossil fuels for industrial applications. The investment would reach exactly 1,235 million euros, of which nearly 60% will come from the private sector, while the remaining amount has to be balanced between the European Commission and EU Member States.

Since last year, EPIA and the European Photovoltaic Technology Platform have worked together with the European Commission and representatives of Member States in the initiative. As a result, sixteen Member States have expressed their commitment to supporting the Photovoltaic Solar Initiative of the European Industry has identified three common areas of high priority in the short term: advanced manufacturing processes for all photovoltaic technologies aimed at reducing costs and improve efficiency, development of building integrated photovoltaic products (BIPV) and applications to facilitate and reduce integration costs the same, and outdoor test concentrator photovoltaic technology. It was further agreed that in the long term, materials (including organic solar cells) and the development of intelligent modules for easy integration into the network will be the priority themes.

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