Dec 05 2010
By
admin | Filled under:
solar

System Components
Photovoltaic module. The “photovoltaic effect” is a physical process through which the photovoltaic cell converts sunlight into electricity. Sunlight is composed of photons. These photons contain certain amounts of energy depending on its wavelength. When photons hit the solar cell and absorbed by it, generate electricity. This happens because the photon energy is transferred to the atom’s electron solar cell (semiconductor material). With this amount of energy now the electron solar cell can be released from its normal position and creates a hole, some of the freed electrons can cross the potential barrier, being driven out of the semiconductor through an external circuit, then there is an electrical current.
Photovoltaic cells can be made with different materials and technologies. Some of these technologies, used in most commercial modules include monocrystalline silicon cells, polycrystalline and amorphous. Using this technology, each cell produces a DC voltage of about 0.5 volts and a current intensity of 1 to 8 A, it requires a significant amount of cells to produce a measurable voltage and power. The photovoltaic cells are interconnected in series in groups ranging from 36 to 72 cells that produce open circuit voltage approximately 20 to 40 volts this set of cells form a photovoltaic module.
The photovoltaic modules are a set of interconnected photovoltaic cells in series with the following physical characteristics:
Are encapsulated with silicone or other special organic materials that give a high transmission of radiation, are hydrophobic materials, to breathe into the cell and water do not condense.
Protection for the back of Tedlar or some similar material.
A tempered glass cover.
An anodized aluminum frame that holds the module as a whole.
The set of two or more modules called photovoltaic array (array in English) or photovoltaic panels. The photovoltaic modules that comprise an arrangement can be connected together in series, parallel or mixed, to obtain the voltage and amperage required by the system.
Batteries. The battery bank of a solar lighting system is responsible for providing electricity during the hours of night operation that has the light. An important aspect to be determined for either battery bank is the same size, ie the amount of energy it can store, the more energy is required to store, the larger will be the bank of batteries, less energy to store the smaller the size of the bank. A more powerful bulb illuminate a larger area or provide us with higher levels of enlightenment, but in turn, will consume more energy, resulting in increased battery bank size, as well as the installed power PV panel. The batteries are sensitive to operating temperature as this directly affects the electrochemical reactions that occur within them. When the batteries are subjected to ambient temperatures above electrochemical reactions are accelerated and shelf life is reduced, however, when the battery is subjected to low temperatures prolongs life, but runs the risk of freezing due to the variation of the concentration of acid that has a battery charge status of the same, the higher the discharge, reduced concentration and increased risk of freezing. The ability of a bacteria is typically specified in ampere-hour with a reference time such as twenty hours a battery example, suppose the following data 200 Amp hour and a reference to 20 hours (200Ah @ 20hrs). This means that a fully charged battery delivers 10 amps for 20 hours. These data are provided by the manufacturer.
Tempo driver. The solar lights require a tempo controller which controls the state of charging and discharging of the batteries and the lamp on and off as scheduled. The main functions of a tempo driver are:
• Prevents overcharging of batteries by the solar panel
• Prevents excessive discharging of the battery and bulb, remove the focus on low battery voltage.
• Maintains the battery at its maximum load state.
• Controls the operation time of the solar light.
Serves as point of interconnection between the solar panel, battery bank and solar light
It uses the voltage of the battery itself to regulate its state of charge and disconnect the electrical charge if the battery voltage down to a certain level, this type of system uses photovoltaic panel as a photo cell and turn on the lamp at dusk, incorporate a timer or electronic timing which is scheduled operating hours of the fixture.
Hardware. Metal parts are used to join and support system components with the metal post are elements manufactured according to the luminaire installed.
Tags: Canon bp-711 , Canon bp-808 , Canon bp-911 , Canon bp-930 , Canon bp-945 , Canon np-e3