Solar Chat

General Motors: Billion requested for Volt

The U.S. car giant General Motors is threatening to spin into bankruptcy and urges the U.S. government to now to 2.6 billion U.S. dollars from a subsidy pot of the Department of Energy to transfer. The Department of Energy funding pot is used to develop environmentally friendly vehicles to promote. The money would the heavily damaged car manufacturers to use its electric car to build Chevrolet Volt. The total amount of requested funding will amount to 10.3 billion U.S. dollars.

At the GM Volt is not a pure electric car but a hybrid vehicle which has a normal internal combustion engine and electric motor. According to current plans, the vehicle during the second half of 2010 the production line. The Group has slept through the trend toward environmentally friendly fuel-efficient vehicles and had instead set for years on gas guzzlers like the Hummer SUV. The hybrid vehicle is to General Motors back in calmer water and lead to profitability. The GM Volt experts already received plenty of praise in advance and take these now come from the year probably accounts.

The range of the Volt is only with electric drive for 60 kilometers amount but only in the city. The electric drive is powered by a lithium-ion battery with power. One charge of the empty battery can be added at a normal wall socket and takes six hours. The fuel consumption is 4.7 liters per 100 kilometers driven, if the Volt runs only on petrol engine and forgotten to recharge their batteries.

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CityEL

The CityEL is the classic of the electric car models and a lightweight electric vehicle for transporting a person. So far, the most environmentally friendly car sold in Europe for over 5,000 times and therefore the best-selling electric car in its class.

In Germany and other European countries is considered CityEL car but can also be conducted as a light motor vehicle with a speed reduction. But the vehicle itself only has an insurance code may be present. In 1987, the CityEL was then under the name Mini-EL on the market. He has produced and developed by the Danish company EL AS Trans.

Four years later the company was taken over and moved the production to Germany. Today’s manufacturer is the AG Citycom and offers the lightweight electric vehicle models in the Basic and fun.

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It’s kind of a no-brainer, says Bill Gross, founder of eSolar. Take the heat inherent in sunlight, gather it on thousands of mirrors equipped with solar tracking devices, focus the result on a tower containing water, and voilà, you have 930-degree (Fahrenheit) steam to run a turbine and provide electricity for 4,000 homes.

But almost everything is a no-brainer to Gross, a modern Renaissance man who also founded Idealab, a think tank designed to create, build and run companies on the cutting edge between sci-fi and just plain sci.

Gross’s solar thermal power plant in the desert outside Los Angeles is a prime example. Built mostly to conduct experiments (in solid-state physics, solar energy and possibly even photodynamics?), it cost $20 million, a cost Gross says could have been reduced by 60 percent if the parts had been mass-produced.

That idea – of cheap, clean, infinite energy (at $2,000 per California household) – fixed itself in the mind of Boudewijn Poelman, one of the founders and current CEO of United Postcode Lotteries, who laid down a challenge to California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger: give us your state to set up a lottery, and we take 40 percent of the proceeds to build solar thermal plants. Enough to light up the entire state. And when the solar power plants are up and running, we will give them back to you, in perpetuity.

The current obstacle to California’s going 100-percent solar is, reportedly, money. This comes as no surprise in a state economy that has admitted it may have to suspend essential services just to balance the budget.

The Postcode Lottery did the math (we like to imagine Gross did, too). Sooner rather than later, in a state full of cash-strapped individuals, the proceeds of said lottery would rise to $1 billion a year.

For its part, United Postcode Lotteries – a charity lottery that assists organization dedicated to reducing poverty, improving human rights, and protecting nature and the environment – thinks winning the challenge looks like a no-brainer.

The article Via Calfinder

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Crystalline silicon solar cells

August 19 News this morning, the CLP Technology Group 48 100 MW of crystalline silicon solar cell production line a second phase project will be completed cum ceremony was held in Changsha. Provincial Committee, Governor Zhou Qiang, China Electronics Technology Group party secretary, Wang Zhigang, general manager, Provincial Committee and Party Secretary of Chan Yun Cheung Sha children, attended the ceremony, Vice Governor Zhao-Xiong Chen, and participated in the provincial government and the China Light Technology Group, the development of strategic cooperation forum .

Solar PV industry is to build "society" focus on the development of energy-saving environment-friendly high-tech industries. 48 100 MW of crystalline silicon solar cell production line put into production and two projects the foundation, marks the solar cell industry of Hunan Province, the project made significant progress. According to the plan, 48 will further increase investment in construction of 400 megawatts within two years, the size-class solar cells, stimulate and enhance the province’s solar PV industry chain.

Forum, 48 clinics and provincial departments responsible to report to support the development of solar PV industry the situation. Zhou province in recent years on solar PV industry development achievements affirmed. He said the development of solar photovoltaic industry in our province, to accelerate the "society" construction is of great significance. From Hunan and CLP Technology Group has signed a strategic cooperation agreement, the provincial enterprise cooperation and marked achievements. Next, all departments must conscientiously sum up the basis of the preceding work, to further strengthen cooperation with China Light and Power Technology Group of cooperation, and concerted efforts to jointly promote the development of solar energy photovoltaic industry in our province. We should vigorously support 48 as the leading PV industry development, utilization of 48 leading technology, advanced equipment and other advantages, and further increase the R & D, to extend the industrial chain, as soon as possible and strive to form a production capacity of 1,000 megawatts of solar cells, create photovoltaic industry cluster. To further deepen and expand provincial enterprise cooperation, Changsha, China Light and Power Technology Group into an important industrial base of high-tech civilian products; to actively build a financing platform to support leading enterprises bigger and stronger. Hope that the 48 institutional mechanisms to further innovation, building a stable of high-end scientific research personnel, Chongfen mobilize the creative initiative of scientific research personnel, and constantly improve their core competitiveness, to build 48 solar PV Chan Ye Xin Xing province’s leading enterprises, as Promoting New Industrialization in recent years.

Wang Chih-kang said that China’s development of solar energy photovoltaic industry is facing rare opportunities and severe challenges. 48 to seize the opportunity to seize market opportunities. To give full play to scientific edge, starting from the R & D, with independent intellectual property rights continue to build the core competitiveness. He said. 48 for the province hopes to bridgehead enterprise cooperation to further strengthen the CLP Technology Group and Hunan all-round cooperation in various fields, especially in the development of new industrialization, modern agriculture, etc., to provide information technology support and Hunan provinces to speed up innovation construction.

Chan Yun children, CHEN Zhao called on relevant departments to develop solar photovoltaic science and industry development plan, the implementation of industry support policy to further improve the photovoltaic industry development environment, increasing investment efforts to promote the integration of resources, to build industrial base, to extend the industrial chain, promoting PV industry cluster, the scale of development.

At the forum held before the 100 MW of crystalline silicon solar cell production line a second phase project will be completed cum ceremony. Zhou Qiang said in his speech, solar photovoltaic industry in the 21st century the most promising high-tech industries, the provincial government and China Light and Power Technology Group, the results of strategic cooperation is the central Hunan Province and another successful example of business cooperation. Electrical Technology Group hope to increase investment in Hunan, further all-round cooperation, complementary advantages, mutual benefit and win-win. Hunan Provincial Party Committee for the CLP Group in Hunan, the development of science and technology to create a good environment.

Wang Chih-kang to thank the Hunan Provincial Committee, the provincial government’s long-standing CLP Technology Group 48 of the care and support. He said the development of solar photovoltaic industry meet the world energy trends, in line with national industrial policy is to implement the scientific concept of development of specific initiatives. Over the past year, further development of bilateral cooperation has been fruitful. CLP Technology Group will further support the 48 to seize opportunities, speed up the PV industry bigger and stronger, and became the vanguard of solar cell industry and the main force for Hunan to make greater contributions to economic and social development.

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Photosynthesis energy can replace the oil

According to foreign media reports, U.S. scientists at Massachusetts Institute of Technology recently reproduced in the laboratory the process of photosynthesis, the process of photosynthesis in the water into hydrogen and oxygen, and generated hydrogen and oxygen for combustion. The experiment is about the photosynthesis of energy can be used by man, this technology will lead to a use of solar energy revolution, and to compensate the coal, oil and other non-renewable resource depletion. The two scientists named Daniel Nocera and Matthew Kanan, they found a simple and affordable way to split water into hydrogen and oxygen, and photosynthesis of the principle of this method is similar to solar energy conversion that can only burn the hydrogen and oxygen .

Widespread in nature, photosynthesis, chloroplasts gather solar energy, water and carbon dioxide into organic compounds (first of all glucose) and release oxygen. But this is only the end result, the whole process began as water and carbon dioxide into oxygen, free protons and electrons. Produced in photosynthesis, two chemical reactions, the chlorophyll molecule loses two electrons, water molecules are decomposed. Although photosynthesis in a variety of textbooks have been elaborated in detail, but this process has to manually is not easy to achieve, the main problem is the lack of an effective medium to electrolyzed water in plants as the medium of a chloroplast .

As we all know, water electrolysis into hydrogen and oxygen can, but the whole process meaningless. In order to improve the performance, chemists provided to facilitate reaction at lower catalyst under voltage conditions. At present, only ruthenium and platinum to act as the medium, of course, the two metals are very expensive, in addition, the reaction needed to carry out a specific temperature and pressure.

Nocera and Kanan have found another solution to accelerate hydropower good way. They made of indium and tin oxide electrodes placed in the cobalt ion and potassium phosphate solution, and then pass into the solution of current solar cells, so that the catalyst to produce the equivalent of a chloroplast. At the same time, water into oxygen and free hydrogen ions, hydrogen ions gathered in these electrodes, where the formation of hydrogen. During the day, using solar energy is usually obtained as part of their daily needs can be used in part to water down into hydrogen and oxygen and hydrogen storage. Evening, hydrogen and oxygen into fuel for power generation.

Free hydrogen ions and oxygen into fuel elements can be used to generate electricity. The whole process occurs in the normal atmospheric pressure and temperature within the environment. Media material in the reaction process lost their properties, when the reaction end of the Shi You look back to the original. This is the same as natural chlorophyll. Nocera said: "Our research shows that to use the relatively inexpensive media, and on this basis in the usual conditions of light energy by photosynthesis." Scientists have developed for this purpose Powering the Planet project, and began further studies. University of London Imperial College of Barber (James Barber) that within the simulation of real experimental process of photosynthesis is the use of solar energy in the history of a great undertaking, which will make hydrogen production possible, and make use of solar energy into the new era.

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Solar glass

Future clean, efficient, and never one of failure of green energy technologies, solar technology is widely applied in recent years, while the solar glass industry with the traditional combination of darkness products – solar glass (commonly known as solar glass) industries is becoming the world’s one of the fastest growing high-tech industry, known as the new sunrise industry.

In order to regulate the healthy development of this sunrise industry, recently, China’s first solar industry standard "solar battery glass", glass by the National Building Standardization Jishu Committee Zuzhi held the solar glass industry standard for the Review Conference was adopted. Standard main drafter of China Building Material Test Certification Center engineers Miao Xiangyang told reporters, standards are mainly related terms and definitions of solar glass, materials, technical requirements, appearance quality, testing methods, inspection rules, and packaging, marking, transportation and storage such as quality requirements.

Reportedly, said standard solar glass is used for crystalline silicon solar cells, covered and protected from the effects and has high transmittance glass. Materials, solar cells can be used with toughened glass or toughened glass and float glass embossing. The standard also suggested that solar glass, iron content not more than 0.015%, visible light transmittance greater than or equal to 91.5% (or about 3 mm thickness), direct solar transmittance greater than or equal to 91.0% (equivalent to 3 mm Standard thickness).

Solar glass is the use of today’s solar PV project in one of the important products, has become the world’s energy industry in fashion "sunrise industry products." International Solar Consulting’s latest statistics show that in 2007 global solar cell production reached 3,436 megawatts, representing an increase of 56% in 2006, market share of Chinese manufacturers in 2006 to 20% to 35%.

As a new class of energy saving building materials, solar glass in the residential construction field has great potential. Professionals in the next 10 years, annual growth rate of PV products in China up 20% to 30%. By 2010, world solar photovoltaic project in the glass will reach 30 billion dollars in value, the prospects are very attractive. However, until there is no corresponding standard can refer to, domestic and foreign companies generally establish their own businesses on their own standards for the production control or incoming inspection. The introduction of industry standards, the glass industry in solar energy will play a tremendous role in promoting. This also indicates that, at the national advocate of building energy saving environment, energy saving construction material will be the trend.

"In our solar glass industry developed rapidly, especially in the past 2 years, almost explosive growth. But the product has no standard to follow. Will play a standard industry standards, to promote the role of technological progress. We have a standard to measure the same their products, improve its management, the introduction or development of more advanced technology. "Miao Xiangyang said.

China Building Glass and Industrial Glass Association Deputy Secretary-General Zhou Zhiwu pointed out that the biggest advantage of solar energy glass, in today’s increasingly tight energy situation, as a new field of energy, solar energy application prospect, accordingly, solar glass prospect is very broad.

Zhou Zhiwu told reporters that while China’s solar glass is not starting early, is very rapid development in recent years, the current production capacity has been the world leader in the world solar glass manufacturing plant has been gradually transferred to China. In the core technology level, our solar glass technology has been with Europe and the United States and other developed countries stand on the same horizontal line, but in front of the polysilicon technology, China and the world there is a gap, to some extent this will affect the latter’s products quality and impact of our solar glass industry.

It is reported that most of solar glass products together with double-layer film made of tempered glass, in order to facilitate a good light transmission. In addition, the configuration in the glass the middle of the polysilicon solar cell is of particular importance, it is arranged in the middle of stick pressure in the double-glazing, glass, plenty of light from the silicon solar cell to control the arrangement of space, and also made of silicon surface, blue, green, black, yellow and other colors, this color is more conducive to silicon mainly used in building walls on color selection and use of the United States.

Experts said the industry will seek to raise standards to a higher platform, and strive to become the national standard. "If the solar glass industry to continue to maintain the sunrise industry development trend, both need to national energy policy support, but also supporting technologies and measures help, in particular, polysilicon technology breakthrough is very important, if only in this regard has been import-dependent, it will restrict the development of the solar glass industry. "Zhou Zhiwu said.

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Sharp stepped up on the energy front
Many companies rely on higher yield by cells which have the contacts on the back. Applied Materials expects of monocrystalline cells with rear contacts advantages in production and a reduction of errors in the encapsulation. Centrotherm Photovoltaics also showed on the Spanish fair solutions for back-contact cells. On industry standard production equipment were according to the company average efficiency of 19.1 percent and reached peak values of 19.2 percent. Schott Solar and Solland Solar had announced to the EU PVSEC cooperation in the field of back contact solar cells and modules.

Bosch Solar Energy is in increasing the energy yield of improved cell, module and mounting concepts. A module of 60 monocrystalline cells with a capacity of more than 250 watts and a module efficiency of 15.5 percent was seen. An improved interconnection between the solar cells reduces the optical and electrical losses. A further performance improvement is obtained by the use of a long-lasting anti-reflective coating on the cover slip, said the producer. Moreover, with Bosch to see a slide system that uses clips instead of rails. The photovoltaic modules are inserted into the guide rails and fixed. This is to reduce the installation time to 15 seconds per module.

Mainzer Solar savings bond worth not really
Dresdner Sulfurcell Solar Technology has introduced a prototype of its new product with an efficiency of 10.7 percent, 86.8 watt peak power to 1.25 times 0.65 meter modules. Sulfurcell relies on a new compilation of the semiconductor layer: The company produces the first thin-film modules based on CIGSe semiconductors.

Photovoltaic manufacturers are working on cost reduction
CIGSe stands for copper, indium, gallium and selenium. New is the use of selenium instead of sulfur. 2011, the company is a part of its production on CIGSe. 2015 module efficiencies are realistic of over 14 percent, the company said in Valencia.

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Photovoltaic manufacturers are working on cost reduction

Valencia. The integration of photovoltaics into the building envelope and the attempt to cut through increased energy efficiency with optimized production costs for the modules were the exciting themes of the EU PVSEC 2010th

The boundary conditions for the solar photovoltaic companies in Europe in the next few years, less comfortable. A number of strong markets like Germany and France have reduced the feed. Chinese manufacturers are lobbying with products on the market, which experts attest that many may well compete with European quality standards. The European and American companies respond with innovations in production process and the attempt to tap into new market segments.

German inverter components are too expensive

As one of the promising markets is the segment of building integration of photovoltaics. Sharp has shown its see-through modules with different transparency and wants to continue with these products on the European market. Global Solar Energy, an expert on CIGS thin film, announced in Valencia to expand its product range to include a module for building integrated photovoltaics. This is mainly intended for large commercial and industrial areas. The performance is the company with 12.6 per cent to the total area. The large dimensions of 5.75 to 0.5 meters are designed to minimize installation costs.

Renusol presented the assembly system INTRASOL CL for laminates and thin-film modules in Spain. It was only in October 2010 show at the Solar Power International in San Francisco wants its Ascent Solar WaveSol series. There are five meters long CIGS modules, which can also be used in the building integration.

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All transparent solar cell engine glider cockpit

A German university students completed a very nice green aircraft design, although the aircraft was a glider, but with a motor. This design won the Lucky Strike for his company’s 2008 Young Design Award winner.

Fuselage and the wing is very light weight, and covered with solar panels. Large area of solar panels, combined with very light body, so you can make it without additional power or fuel to be flying in the sky. For insurance, the fuselage also comes with a spare fuel engine. Fully transparent polycarbonate produced by the body, it is easy to reuse in an environmentally friendly material.

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Large energy storage battery

Our first year of successful operation of large energy storage battery trouble

Dalian on July 15 news 376 days, which is today fuel cell floor, digital LED screen. This indicates that the development of our country by the first demonstration vanadium flow battery energy storage system, with no trouble continuous operation for over a year, indicates that China has all vanadium flow storage batteries made important progress in research and application is expected to break large-scale electrical energy storage worldwide problem.

All vanadium flow storage batteries LED screen model system, researchers led by the Zhang Huamin independent research and development research group. The core is rated output 2 kW vanadium redox flow battery system. After more than 9,000 hours of test, no cell system output performance degradation, power supply stability, and lasting. Hua-Min Zhang said: “This shows we have achieved stability and durability of the new battery, the current international and only Canada, Japan, a similar technique to master.”

In the vanadium flow battery power systems, Hua-Min Zhang and his team also made a major breakthrough, the first generation of 100 kW-class vanadium flow battery energy storage system has been completed design, integration and debugging. This is the largest flow battery energy storage system. Preliminary tests, the 100 kW output power, the battery charge and discharge energy conversion efficiency of over 78%, far higher than is now widely used lead-acid battery to 50% conversion efficiency. Through further optimization of the battery output performance can be further improved.

Vanadium redox flow battery is known as “power bank.” Vanadium redox flow battery energy storage in the scale of the energy conversion efficiency has a high charge storage capacity, operational safety and environmental friendliness. It can be used to power “off peak to valley” of regulation, reduce the cost of power generation, improve energy efficiency; for solar, wind and other renewable energy power storage, power generation to resolve their instability, discontinuous and Nan Yi grid-issue; also an important sector and equipment can be used as backup power plant.

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